One of the most important problems of local governments today is the environmental and sociological problems created by landfills. With Arsin Energy – Technical process engineering systems and services, we both produce renewable energy resources and end the problems that cause environmental disasters through engineering products by disposing of methane gas and leachate created by the sites and many factors that negatively affect the health of the people living in the region through the enterprises we have established in both national and international landfills.

All steps taken to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill, which is also the philosophy of zero waste, have generally been based on incineration. However, over time, a large majority of people who want to adopt a more environmentally friendly and sustainable approach oppose incineration on the grounds that it destroys natural resources; that it undermines recycling by demanding a continuous waste stream; that it contributes badly to climate change; and that it can cause pollution from high concentrations of mismanaged air emissions and toxic output. Thus, a number of other options for managing waste are becoming more important, one of which is a group of technologies called Mechanical Biological Treatment. Arsin Energy offers you the benefits of MBT group technology by transforming the waste disposal process, which local governments have to meet with high costs, into energy to be used for the benefit of society, while at the same time establishing landfills instead of incineration plants that cause environmental negativities with its beneficial sustainable and innovative solutions.

The first thing to do when planning the project design of the facility is to make a correct layout plan. While doing this, first of all, when selecting lot locations, it should be preferred to remove the leachate by gravity. The second priority is storm water control. In addition, ease of on-site transportation should be considered. 

1-PREPARATION OF THE PROJECT ACCORDING TO APPROPRIATE TOPOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS

The first thing to do when planning the project design of the facility is to make a correct layout plan. While doing this, firstly lot locations are selected, leachate should be preferred to be removed by gravity. The second priority is storm water control. In addition, ease of transportation within the site should be taken into consideration. 

As Arsin Energy Technic, our priority is to concentrate on the preparation of the site. The project field presentations that we will prepare together will be our first starting point.

2- PREPARATION OF THE PROJECT ACCORDING TO APPROPRIATE TOPOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS

An impermeable layer should be formed on the bottom and side surfaces of the landfill to prevent leachate from entering the groundwater. For this 

An impermeable layer consisting of clay, geomembrane and Geotex material is laid. The physical, chemical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of the impermeability layer must be of a quality that will prevent the potential risks that the storage facility will pose to soil and groundwater. 

With more than 30 years of engineering experience, Arsin Enerji Teknik applies the highest standard products with qualified field personnel during the establishment of the facility.

3- DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN 

Leachate is formed by seeping through solid wastes and being exposed to a number of chemical, biological and physical events and is taken out by leachate collection systems. There are a sufficient number of drainage pipes, main collectors and manholes made of a leachate-resistant material at the bottom of the warehouse. Leachate 

The collection and drainage system ends with a leachate collection pond. The leachate collection pond should be designed in such a way that it does not cause any adverse effects by taking into consideration the meteorological conditions of the location where the facility will be established and the water content of the wastes to be stored.

4- LFG COLLECTION SYSTEM

It is essential to collect the gas generated in solid waste landfills (and to dispose of it in a way that does not pose any danger. For this purpose, gas wells should be drilled in such a way that a collection well is located in every 50 m diameter cellular area. The amount of gas to be formed here should be calculated by calculating the average amount of garbage mass in the site. As a result of testing the gas content and flow rate measurements, it should be decided whether it is feasible to build an energy plant or to dispose of it by flaring and incineration.

5- FINAL COVER FORMATION

All of the layers to be applied on top of the garbage mass after it is reshaped are referred to as “Final Cover”. The final cover includes many functions such as mass settlement, gas drainage, impermeability, surface water drainage and greening.

Landfill gas is formed in the landfill body as a result of bacteria decomposing waste in an air-tight environment. It contains about 55% methane gas, which is equivalent to about half the calorific value of natural gas, so landfill gas is a valuable alternative energy source that can provide electricity and heat for several decades. 

Methane (CH4 ) gas is also 28 times more environmentally harmful than CO2 and contains many environmentally hazardous substances that must be disposed of safely according to EU directives. 

Therefore, CO2 certificates can be obtained from the landfill gas generated, which can contribute to the refinancing of the landfill gas plant.

BASIC TECHNICAL COMPONENTS OF LANDFILL GAS 

Landfill Gas Collection and Transportation:

Gas wells 

Condensate shafts 

Gas manifolds

Gas propellants

Gas cooling system (drying) 

Landfill Gas Treatment and Disposal: 

High temperature flaring (rich gas) 

Oil-free gas flaring (lean gas)

VocsiBox® – RTO plant (dilute gas)

Utilization of Energy from Landfill Gas and its Use in Power and Heat Generation:

Combined heat and power plants (CHP)

CLEANING WASTEWATER TO DIRECT DISCHARGE QUALITY

Landfill leachate is one of the most difficult and expensive wastewaters to treat due to its high amount of organic and inorganic pollutants.

Landfill wastewater is generated as a result of infiltration of precipitation into the landfill body and biodegradation processes in the waste. The wastewater is contaminated with a large number of salts and organic matter in varying concentrations and needs to be collected and treated to protect the environment.

The amount and concentrations of hazardous substances depend on the composition of the waste, local precipitation levels and the sealing systems in the landfill. New landfills that meet EU standards should be carefully sealed, but there are other options for collecting and discharging leachate from older, unsealed landfills.

For disposal, membrane separation progressive biological treatment and reverse osmosis plants are used. In this way, the highest possible cleaning performance up to direct discharge quality is achieved.

The simplest of leachate management systems is the use of evaporation ponds. Leachate that does not evaporate is sprayed over the completed part of the landfill. In areas with high rainfall, the leachate storage facility is covered with geomembranes to prevent rainwater intrusion during the winter season. The accumulated leachate is evaporated and removed during the hot summer months by spraying the leachate over the completed and operated site with the uncovered storage facility.

MECHANICAL SEPARATION AND MATERIAL RECOVERY 

Mechanical sorting and material recovery activities include mechanical pre-treatment of municipal waste to make it suitable for fuel production and material recovery. Municipal waste is processed, and metals are recovered with plastic and magnetic separators in sorting booths to obtain circular raw material, the organic part is used for biofuel production and the part suitable for energy recovery is used as raw material for Waste Derived Fuel (WDF) production. As materials. Circular raw materials are supplied for processing in the production of recycled plastics and metals, while biocircular raw materials are shipped to biogas and landfill gas production. 

Mixed municipal waste needs to be separated into the right fractions for proper utilization. Using dimensional, gravimetric and optical properties, mixed municipal waste is separated into biodegradable, recyclable and residual wastes. 

HLW plants can undergo different processes depending on the input product type and the desired grain size and calorific values as output. These processes can be single-stage or multi-stage. We make two different types of applications in the mechanical separation plant to be installed. These are; 

Single-stage HLW plants;

Final shredding and sizing process

Multi-stage HLW plants;

Pre-Shredding Process

Screening and Segregation

Magnetic Separation

PLASTIC RECYCLING & GRANULE PRODUCTION 

Plastic recycling is the process of recovering waste plastics and turning them into reusable raw materials. Recycling starts with the separation of waste plastics according to their types. While clean plastics are directly crushed and granulated, dirty plastic wastes collected from the garbage can be converted into raw materials by crushing, washing and drying processes in the complete recycling line and granulated. 

These are the lines where the machinery and equipment required for the recycling of HDPE, LDPE, PP, PET, ABS, PS Film and Hard materials are located. In these lines, waste PE, PP, PS, LDPE, HDPE, ABS and PET are transformed into reusable granules or clean crushed material after passing through Carrier Conveyor, Crushing Machine, Washing Pool, Centrifuge, Squeezing, Storage, Agromel, Extruder (Granulating Machine), Granule Cutting Machine. 

Waste plastics collected from the garbage are sorted according to their type and, if necessary, color before being converted into raw materials, and then passed through aqueous crushing and brought to standard sizes. Then, they are passed through a high-speed centrifuge with water respectively and cleaned from foreign materials in washing units. Then the washed materials are squeezed in the squeezing machine and sent to the warehouse through the fan. The stored materials are sent untouched to the agromel machine through the auger and then to the granule extruder machine, where the melted plastic gases are discharged and filtered and the granule particles, which are cut and formed in the granule cutting machine, are sent back to the warehouse by means of the fan and packaged. 

Recycling of waste plastics is very important with its benefits such as preventing the waste of exhaustible natural resources, using them efficiently, minimizing the damage caused to the environment by waste buried in the ground, and reducing global warming by releasing less carbon dioxide into the air.

In the Landfill Gas Energy Generation Plant, landfill gas is burned and used in the production of electrical energy, and very high temperature flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere. It has been determined that the utilization of this gas will provide significant economic benefits. Greenhouse cultivation is an important agricultural activity in the world and the cost of heating is an important constraint in the development of this process. In your country, depending on heating, greenhouse cultivation can be carried out in warm climate regions and in regions with geothermal energy. Winter heating is generally insufficient or not available at all. 

The water heated in the waste heat recovery unit will be transmitted to the greenhouse by means of pumps. The heat transmission system will be designed to minimize heat losses, and hot water will be supplied to the greenhouse at the required time periods through the automation system in the greenhouse. 

After determining the suitable area in Smiljevići Depot Site and determining the products to be grown, greenhouse installation will be started. In order to provide suitable conditions for the products to be grown in the greenhouses, air conditioning, irrigation and fertilization systems have been designed and all of the systems will be fully automated. 

Landfill Gas is used for electricity generation in the Energy Generation Plant. As a result of the electricity generation activity, extremely high temperature and flow rate flue gas is emitted from the gas engines and discharged to the atmosphere without being utilized. 

In this study, the utilization of waste heat generated in the Landfill Gas Power Generation Plant and discharged to the atmosphere was investigated. Heat recovery was achieved with the 

designed waste heat recycling system and this heat was used to heat the greenhouses. Thus, the 

heating cost, which is the most important expense in the operation of greenhouses, was eliminated 

and the use of fossil fuels for greenhouse heating was prevented. 

STAGES OF THE GAS COLLECTION SYSTEM

The gas booster units transport the gas from the landfill on one side (suction side) and compress it on the other side (pressure side) to the operating pressure of the CHP and flare plant. In addition to the gas handling facilities, the gas compressor station may also include plant sections for gas cooling (dewatering). The quality of the booster plant is vital for the usability of landfill gas as a renewable energy source in CHP. For this reason: No compromises should be made on this point!

The same applies to the condition of the gas collection system. We offer know-how and consulting services for the construction and restoration of gas collection systems. We manufacture gas compressor plants ourselves.

GAS WELLS

Collection systems can be configured as vertical wells or horizontal trenches. Some collection systems use a combination of vertical and horizontal wells. Well-designed systems of either type can be used for LFG collection. The design chosen depends on site-specific conditions and the timing of the installation of the LFG collection system.

CONDENSATE SHAFTS

When hot gas from the storage area cools as it circulates through the collection system, condensation forms. If the condensate is not removed by water traps, it can block the collection system and affect the energy recovery process. Also, special care should be taken not to make ‘S’ in the gas collection lines.

Condensate removal from the pipeline, condensate tanks (water traps) or Knock Out systems should be used at the lowest elevation points of the pipelines.

GAS MANIFOLDS

Landfill gas (LFG), which is extracted with a certain vacuum from wells drilled at an average depth of 28 m, is transmitted through separate lines to structures called gas collectors (manifolds).

A manifold is a liquid or gas distribution system or device that serves to bring many connections to a single location or a single channel to an area where many points meet. Manifold systems range from simple supply chambers with multiple outlets to multi-chamber flow control units to electronic networks with integrated valves and interfaces. Complex pneumatic and hydraulic circuits, can utilize manifolds and manifold systems with interfaces to complex electronic networks.

GAS BURNERS

When hot gas from the storage area cools as it circulates through the collection system, condensation forms. If the condensate is not removed by water traps, it can block the collection system and affect the energy recovery process. Also, special care should be taken not to make an ‘S’ in the gas collection lines.

Condensate removal from the pipeline, condensate tanks (water traps) or Knock Out systems should be used at the lowest elevation points of the pipelines.

GAS COOLING SYSTEM (DRYING)

During aggregation, the gas is compressed and its temperature rises. When the temperature of the gas is 450C, it first goes to the cooling tank as there is a risk of explosion. During the cooling process, with a system that works like a heat exchanger, cold air enters from one end of the pipe and exits from the other end without coming into contact with the tank gas and cools the gas. In the gas cooling unit, this heated air is cooled continuously in the exchanger model. This method, which is generally used for water cooling, is used for gas cooling in the plant.